Supply Management in the Ontario Dairy Industry Essays

Supply Management in the Ontario Dairy Industry Essays Supply Management in the Ontario Dairy Industry Essay Supply Management in the Ontario Dairy Industry Essay To counteract this instability and to Increase milk prices, Canadian milk producers, along with the federal government, established a supply management yester to prevent surpluses and provide support prices based on a production cost formula. The formula is updated throughout the year from data collected from producers by the field staff of the marketing boards (Saber, 1988). This supply management program empowered the federal government to use production restrictions, rather than price, to fit the supply of milk with its demand Jacobson, 1988). At present, there are five commodities in Canada under supply management (milk, eggs, chickens, turkey and tobacco) which account for about 1/4 of all farm receipts (Lealer and Statuary, 1985, Schmitt, 1983). At the beginning of supply management, the program seemed like a cure for the problems of the dairy Industry. Now however, the supply management system, with all Its rules and regulations, Is too rolled and Inflexible to consumer Interests and wasteful In resource allocation compared to a free market. In Ontario, the Ontario Milk Marketing Board (MAMBO) Is the sole buyer of milk and which it then sells it to processors (Annexed, 1986). The MAMBO has jurisdiction for the provincial regulation of fluid milk. The Canadian Dairy Commission has primary responsibility for regulation of industrial milk. It sets target prices for industrial milk as well as purchases surplus skim milk powder and butter which it sells on world markets and puts back into the local market as demand requires (Saber, 1988). While the dairy industry in the United States is not perfect, supply management is opposed there. The National Dairy Commission on Dairy Policy (NCSC) endorsed a market oriented policy. The commission believed that profitability should be possible but not guaranteed. The producers that are efficient and Innovative would prosper in a free market (Pedal, 1988). Because the marketing boards in Canada are the ole buyers of milk at a fixed price, there Is unfairness In returns among producers because they cannot make competitive contracts with their local milk processors like Unlike farmers in the United States, who are paid basically on a supply and demand system, dairy farmers in Canada are peptidase on a cost of production formula. The formula base is derived from the following elements: cash input prices (35%), average earnings of industrial workers in Ontario (20%), general wholesale price index (30%), and fluid sales as a percent of total milk sales (15%) (Ham and Not, 1986). The cost of production formula for calculating the price of milk seems to be too generous. As the price of milk increases, the value of quota increases. This occurs because farmers are willing to pay more since they can expect to recover the cost of acquiring quota and still make a profit in the future. Producers acquire a net income that is higher than what they would under an unregulated system (Lealer and Statuary, 1985). Therefore, elevated quota prices are an indication that dairy farmers are being overpaid (Forbes et al. , 1982). The supply management pricing formula gives small and inefficient producers enough income, which would not be adequate for producers under competition. For example, the flock size of Ontario egg producers is less than the minimum efficient size while the average flock size in the United States is greater than this minimum efficient size (Schmitt, 1983). Supply management causes inefficiencies in the dairy industry. Overlaps in the raw milk assembly routes lead to higher transportation costs and small milk processing plants are inefficient because they do not achieve the economies of scale of larger plants (Forbes et al. , 1982). The system also lacks competition. Supply management raises prices to unrealistic levels, which reduces growth and development within the industry (Pedal, 1988). In a free market, there is price competition. This can lead to price wars and, therefore, lower prices for consumers. Some provinces, like Ontario, do not have minimum prices for fluid milk. Grocery stores, especially in border towns, lower the price of milk to that of American stores. By using milk as a loss leader, grocery stores can bring in more customers because milk is a necessity (Saber, 1988). Supply management also causes loss of entrepreneurial freedom, and increased penitence of producers on government (Forbes et al. , 1982). Regulations in the supply management system limit expansion and the size of the operation (Schmitt, 1983). Ontario dairy producers are essentially prevented from significant expansion unless they have significant amounts of capital to cover further purchases of quota (Ham and Not, 1986). Canada is a relatively high-cost milk producing nation (Forbes et al. , 1982). Milk production costs are higher in Canada than they are in the United States (Saber, 1988). The productivity of Canadian dairy farms relative to other countries, such as he United States and New Zealand, is quite low. Milk yield per cow is 15% lower in Canada than in the United States. Ontario has the largest herd size in Canada. However, the average dairy herd in the northeastern U. S. Is 60% larger than in Ontario (Forbes et al. , 1982). While Michigan and Ontario produce almost the same amount of milk (5,568 million pounds and 5,585 million pounds, respectively), Michigan has only 6,500 dairy farmers while Ontario has 10,300. This is because Michigan, on average, has more cows per farm, and each cow has higher production than its counterparts in Ontario (Ham and Not, 1986). Ontario farmers also have the United States are 1/3 to 1/2 of those in Ontario. As well, management productivity is lower in Ontario than in the United States (Forbes et al. , 1982). The dairy industry in Canada is also subsidized more than in the United States (Emilee and Large, 1989). A direct subsidy from the federal government is paid to dairy farmers at a rate of $6. 03 per hectoring (Saber, 1988). The subsidy is fashioned to keep prices for consumers lower than they otherwise would be. This maintains a larger Canadian dairy industry than might be if the subsidy was not here (Ham and Not, 1986). Supply management gives farmers monopoly power. Milk production under the quota system in Canada involves massive transfers of income from consumers and taxpayers to milk producers and, to a lesser degree, to dairy processors and foreign consumers. These income transfers mean significant losses in social welfare and are a misapplication of resources (Schmitt, 1983). The extra consumer burden is a social cost resulting from an inefficient risk allocation, and is composed of three parts. The first is the redistribution of income from consumers to producers. The second is the compensation paid to producers for the risk of their regulatory asset (quota), which is a cost to society. The last is the administration costs and the inefficiencies brought on by the program (Lealer and Statuary, 1985). Dairy producers gain about $700 million from these income transfers. Dairy processors also share in this windfall because the industrial sector is notably larger than it would be in a free market system. Foreign consumers of exported skim milk products also gain because they can purchase these products at prices much lower Han they are in Canada, and even below the Canadian cost of production (Forbes et al. , 1982). The largest factor affecting the social cost of supply management is how much Canadian prices diverge from prices of efficiently produced output in world markets (Lealer and Statuary, 1985). In 1980, it cost taxpayers $300 million to pay dairy producers the direct subsidy and the administrative and marketing costs of the regulatory programs. Because consumers pay higher prices for fluid milk and dairy products and consume less than under a free market, they suffer an income transfer of $700 million (Forbes et al. 1982). This consumer loss of almost $1 billion is by far the largest of any of the supply managed commodities (Schmitt, 1983). The income gains by dairy farmers under supply management soon translate into capital gains, benefiting those who held land and quota in the early sasss and leaving succeeding entrants into dairy farming not much better off than dairy farmers before the system began. This is because the higher milk price is offset by the capital cost of quota to enter the system (Forbes et al. , 1982). When the quota system started, producers obtained free quota, based on historic production. However, the demand for quota soon increased, which put a capital value on it. In 1988, quota prices were $204/keg. At this price, it is estimated that quota alone costs over $5000 per cow (Saber, 1988). This can mean up to 2/3 of the farms initial capital costs (Annexed, 1986). This immense outlay of money makes it very hard for new producers to enter the market (Saber, 1988). Banks are often reluctant to finance loans to purchase quota because it only has a paper value and cannot be used as collateral (Annexed, 1986). Quota is also not production can only secure quota from future growth (Saber, 1988). When quota is not freely transferable, producers absorb most of the risk. This raises social costs and reduces the net transfer benefit to farmers (Lealer and Statuary, 1985). The restrictions of transferring quota increases the marketability costs and the possibility that quota will be held by persons who are underspecified (Lealer and Statuary, 1985). Constraints in transferring quotas between producers increase the costs of diversifying (Lealer and Statuary, 1985). The quota system makes dairy products more expensive for consumers. Prices for dairy products have skyrocketed since the introduction of supply management. Consumer prices could average 50 percent higher than comparable U. S. Dairy product prices. Higher prices of milk also discourage consumption (Pedal, 1988). Milk and dairy products are an important source of calcium, protein and vitamin D and form a crucial part of the Canadian diet (Forbes et al. , 1982). As a result, they are considered a necessity. Canadians spend about 1/6 of their total food budget on milk and dairy products. Therefore, higher milk prices puts a burden on consumers with the lowest incomes, because it is something that everyone buys (Forbes et al. 1982, Saber, 1988). Supply management has increased food prices substantially in the poultry industry as well. In 1970, prices of eggs in the United States exceeded those of Toronto by 5. 2 cents per dozen. However, with the introduction of supply management system in the early sasss, a dramatic reversal occurred. By 1976, a dozen eggs in Toronto cost 18. 1 cents per dozen more than in the United States (Schmitt, 1983). As well as having lower prices, the United States also has lower farm retail price spreads. Farm gate prices accounted for 79% of the retail price of eggs in Toronto, while in New York it is only 58% (Schmitt, 1983). Dairy producers also take a higher proportion of the retail price of dairy products than they do in the United States. This means higher input costs for processors. Dairy processing is the second biggest industry of the food processing sector, accounting for over 16% of total food and drink sales (Moron, 1990). Supply management has caused wide disparities in bargaining power between milk producers and milk processors (Forbes et al. , 1982). As of 1988, processors only held observer status on the Canadian Milk Supply Management Committee and they also old not vote (Saber, 1988). Although wanting to respond to consumers desires for new products, especially ones with low fat, processors feel constrained by the quota system in Canada. In 1988, the supply system was based on butterfat, so the promotion of low fat products was very slow (Saber, 1988). However, there are now negotiations to move toward multiple component pricing and place less emphasis on Processors feel unable to meet consumer demands and wish that more milk was available to develop new products. Canadian dairy groups are not as enterprising in search and development as Americans. One example is low fat processed cheese. It took two years to introduce this product to grocery stores in Canada after it was developed in the United States (Saber, 1988). A supply management program for the dairy industry is bad for international and national trade. As well as a virtual embargo on the importation of butter, only a certain quantity of cheese can be milk, are dumped on world markets at prices under the national price and the cost of production. Imports of fluid milk from the United States are virtually prevented and here is no intervocalic trade of fluid milk (Forbes et al. , 1982). Trade barriers decrease the welfare of the whole world and policies of individual countries inflict unwarranted costs on domestic economies (Emilee and Large, 1989). These practices are contrary to Canadas policy of promoting more liberalized international trade and breaking down intervocalic trade barriers. The world is moving toward greater trade liberalizing. This trend towards trade liberalizing has swung public policy away from farmer protection towards processor survival and sector development (Harley, 1990). The mandate of the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATE) is to reduce import barriers, increase control of the use of direct and indirect subsidies and minimize the unfavorable effects that sanitary and Photostatting regulations can have on trade (Emilee and Large, 1989). With multilateral trade, the dairy industry would experience domestic deregulation, and the value of quota would become nil. Dairy production would expand 32% and net earnings (gross income minus cash and feed costs) would increase 38% (Emilee and Large, 1989). Under multilateral trade, total producer welfare would decrease $2. Billion but consumers and taxpayer would gain $3. 7 billion (Emilee and Large, 1989). If world dairy products were to increase under liberalized trade, production would expand and net revenues would be greater than under supply management (Emilee and Large, 1989). The dairy industry under the supply management system in Canada is not as effective as a free market system. The costs of administering the program and the loss to society, taxpayers, and consumers are not worth any benefits that the producers gain from this system. As the world moves toward freer trade, growing pressure will mount on he Canadian government to open its border to trade of dairy products. Dairy production under a free market will allow efficient and entrepreneurial farmers to expand.

The Separation of Church and State Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Separation of Church and State - Thesis Example Many scholars argue that either there has been the separation of State and Church or there never was a connection between the State and the Church in the American history. Mythological studies show that a nationalistic religion is slowly emerging amongst the Americans. Separationist advocate for complete separation of the Church from the religion. They argue that the State should not involve itself in religious matter. They feel that any involvement of the State on the religious matter would eventually lead to preference of certain Churches by the State (Allen 1-4). Accomodationists support involvement of the State on religious matters. However, they argue that the State should avoid sponsoring a certain religion. They believe that if the State supported religion, the move would foster religion in the United States (Allen1-5). Allen (1) argues, â€Å"[t]here has always been a close connection between Church and State, as revealed by the religious use of myths, mantras, and mandates that reveal a nationalistic religion that has wavered between the secular and the sacred.† Religious leaders often quote ancient mythical descents of mantras when describing the relation between Church and State. Mantras, such as chosen nation emerged during the Puritan period, resulted in conceptions that the Church and the State were inseparable (Allen 4-7). The phrase â€Å"separation of Church and State† has a long history. It first emerged during John F. Wilson’s reign. During this period, Church-State issues were interconnected and were considered more of theological-religious issues. The Church issues were thus incorporated in the constitution which resulted in the never-ending debates regarding the Church and State. The disagreement over the separation between the Church and State became evident during periods of religious awakenings and revivals.  

The Responsibilities of Nursing Practitioner to Society Essay

The Responsibilities of Nursing Practitioner to Society - Essay Example While there is no uniformity as to the roles of students in particular institutions, there are roles that students in higher education would be under an obligation to play not only in their respective institutions but also in the society. These include but are not limited to the following. a. Dedicating all their efforts to furthering and attaining the highest levels of excellence for the better of the institution and society at large. As much as students in every other institution are expected to play this role, the responsibility is more pronounced for students in higher education. This is because they have more freedom which definitely comes with more responsibility as to their affairs. In this case, furthering their knowledge and academic excellence in particular fields is their ultimate responsibility all in an effort to make the institution and society better. b. Orienting other or new coming students to the system in the particular higher education institution they are in- more often than not, there will be new students or at least some individuals who are not conversant with the system of the institutions. While it would be possible for such individuals to be oriented to these systems with time, the students play a critical role in fastening the orientation process. This has the effect of stabilizing the institution and ensuring that all processes run smoothly. This also ensures quick implementation of the policies and other fundamental frameworks that exist to guide the smooth running of the institution. c. Contributing to improving the systems and structures of the institution in order to enhance efficiency- in many institutions, students play a very minute role in determining the systems within which they will be operating. However, this would be a bit farfetched as far as students in higher institutions are concerned.  

Autobiography of a Classroom Essay Example for Free

Autobiography of a Classroom Essay I am a very big classroom in a well-known public school. I cater to needs of the kindergarten class of the school, accommodating I think about eighty five children, a big number isn’t it? I understand that I am the best looking room in the school as, the very small children study here. I am very attractively decorated so that the little ones like to come here every day. The room that is me – is decorated with beautiful coloured pictures. The walls are a blend of some colours I do not know the names of. The furniture that is placed in the length and breadth of the room consists of small round tables to seat four children on each table, and the chairs are also tiny. That is not all, all the furniture is a mixture of many colours. When the children come inside the class they almost fight to sit on certain chairs. That makes me understand that they like the colours and fight for their favourite colours to sit on. At the top two ends of the length of the classroom there are two bigger tables and full size chairs for the teachers to sit. Since there are so many children there are two teachers while in other classes there is only one each. I am a treat for everyone to see. My pleasure knows no bounds when everyone who comes inside the class, admires me, appreciates my get up and the colours that don me. I have the twin advantage of being the most beautiful room in the school and also having the cutest of children coming to spend their time with me. Thus, my life is full of beauty, colour, noise and laughter and at times of course also crying and howling of the children. At times some new entrants to the school come to me with their mothers and, cry as if they had come to the slaughter house to be butchered. At such moments even by heart cries for the little ones and I wonder why man makes these little children come to study if they do not want to. I of course do not know how important studies are for human children, I only feel sad seeing the children cry. My life is full of a very busy schedule though very interesting. The routine of my daily life is so busy that, I do not get any relief for quite long hours. In the morning as early as 6 a. m.two sweepers come open the lock of my room or rather me, and off they start working on me. They sweep my floor, squab it, dust each and every piece of the furniture in me. Thus, I get alerted as soon the room is unlocked. It is not even 8 a. m. when the little brats start pouring inside my body’s doors. At times they enter with so much noise that my whole body feels the rattle of it all. Their movements are so loud that now, I cannot even think of any rest. School bags get flung, tiffin boxes are strewn all about, water bottles are kept just anywhere and there is a lot of commotion all over. Soon the maid enters the room and keeps everything in order and my appearance at once improves and I look tidy and well kept. For these small ones the school hours are just three from, 8 a. m. to 11 a. m. These three hours is my duty time, and just is the time when I also get the day’s entertainment. Being a classroom for the Kindergarten children I get a great chance of hearing conversations between the teachers and the parents. Since this is the first time their children have entered school, parents devote a lot of time to talking about the school and its standards. At times I find that some parents are just too critical and, inspite of getting all the best in this school they always seem to be unhappy and dissatisfied with something or the other in the school. Such parents keep lecturing about things missing in the classroom, the school or even in the playground. When I hear such complaints, my heart sinks and I wonder if they will allow or not allow their children to come to me any more,. For such conversations I have understood that, these days parents pamper the children too much, and it seems that they can never yes, never be satisfied. I am quite surprised to see the vast difference in opinions. While on the one hand I, and also many parents think that I am very beautiful, well kept, and decorated, others of the same clan are always complaining of many defects in my appearance. This gives me a feeling of depression and I do wonder if I can do anything in the matter. After some thinking bouts, I realize that, I can do nothing to satisfy these unhappy parents. I am just here in the hands of the school authorities and stand here as and how they keep me. My working hours are just six, from 6 a. m. when sweepers enter to say 12 noon when I am locked after all children go. After my duty hours I just relax but also feel lonely. No matter what is said about me, I am thoroughly enjoying my life in the cute company of little children. Their company makes me also feel young though now I am quite old. Every summer vacation I am painted afresh, my furniture is painted, and, I am ready to welcome my little friends, new and old with a new look, new enthusiasm and renewed vigour. I pray that my life is forever allowed to remain so interesting and so relaxed. I just love all the children and teachers who come here to me, to work and play in the restricted area within my four walls.

The Lottery :: essays research papers

'The Lottery,'; written by Shirley Jackson is a story that takes place in a small town of approximately three hundred residents. Every year on June 27th the townspeople congregate in a giant mass in the middle of town, where the 'lottery'; takes place. This lottery is a ceremony in which each family throughout the town is represented by a tiny white piece of paper. The family representatives, who are the heads of the household, take turns drawing from a box that contains these three hundred pieces of papers. On one of the pieces of paper there is located a black dot, marked the previous night by Mr. Summers. This black dot indicates the 'winner'; of the lottery. The lottery is a ritual that has been around for years and years and it has developed into a way of life for the people of the town. When June comes rolling along everyone is anticipating the lottery. Kids fill their pockets full of rocks and plans are discussed about making a new box. They can not wait to attend and finally get it over with. This drawing seems to transform the people. Tension builds before the lottery occurs, but the townspeople are still able to joke with one another. Tension increases in the story when the author, Shirley Jackson, implies to the reader that Mr. Hutchinson has drawn the marked paper. We assume he does because he walks up on to the stage with his family and they are then made to draw again from the worn out black box. Mr. Hutchinson reaches his hand in and grabs out a piece with his children and his wife following in succession. The one that holds the winning ticket is Mrs. Hutchinson. We learn throughout the story that the power and traditional aspect of the lottery has slowly diminished. In the case of Mrs. Hutchinson, '';Clean forgot what day it was.''; The lottery had been present within the neighboring towns; however, the lottery had been ended. The people of the town believed that the box represented tradition and therefore were reluctant to make another one. This box is representative of the lottery in that they have both worn down and are in need of change.

EBay Inc. and Amazon.com Essay

EBay, Inc. and Amazon.com Introduction Problem definition and historical context            In broad spectrum, the case of eBay and Amazon explores the strategic interaction between the two organizations as they embrace different business models. This case considers how competitors in the market can successfully challenge the rival in highly competitive market where business is defined by strong network effects and fluctuating costs. The audiences in this case are given a chance to assess the merits and the demerits of the business platform utilized by eBay in contrast to Amazon’s online based retail model (Harvard business school, 2012). In addition, the case allows those interested to evaluate business performance in the event of looping value because of the indirect interactions in the two industries. The case offers a vivid exploration and analysis of how Amazon expanded its business in the competitive environment as well as discussing how eBay responded and the strategies they can adopt to lower the difference in earnings between the two. All this is done through an in-depth analysis of acquisition of GSI commerce by eBay in 2011. Briefly, business competition is the main issue in this case. Case research            Business competition between the two corporations rapidly grew in 2011, ten years after a story by â€Å"Businessweek’ labeled eBay vs. Amazon was released. The publication by Businessweek clearly depicted that between the two, the company that would win the biggest market share would probably dominate the future of internet-based business. By the time of this publication, Amazon was leading in all aspects of online transactions. Inherently, the history of the two corporations is based on Royal battle. The rivalry between the two companies is very high. Actually, Amazon and eBay are the biggest firms in online business. They are competitors of each other. Despite being in the same business, the two corporations have been operating by taking different business approaches. In terms of financial growth, Amazon had established itself as the market leader. Its financial aspects had grown by 37% as compared to eBay’s 6% (Harvard business school, 2012). Mor eover, eBay specializes in focusing on being a facilitator in internet business while Amazon focuses on becoming a one-stop platform. It is in the is respect that the case establishes that Amazon in the long-run will outrun eBay in the online stage. The two companies expand their markets by merging with other related companies. Industry/Goal/Product            EBay Company offers a market place where both retailers and buyers interact. The company aims at enabling both buyers and sellers to agree at a neutral price that can be referred to as action price. Similar to Amazon, e bay offers its clients with variety of products where they can choose on what to buy or sell. Both companies deal with used good but strictly dealing with e commerce as mode of payment. Generic Strategies Grid (2 char. per axis) 291909541338500 The generic strategies are mostly applied in analyzing competitive advantage of the business environment of both companies. Cost leadership Differentiation 147637518796000 Cost focus Differentiation focus This chart articulates ways how e Bay company can gain competitive advantage over the other viable competitors. Five Forces Model            In business context, Five Forces Model is paramount as they help then businesses analyze their competitive advantage. It is paramount to understand both internal and external business environment so in order to develop viable strategies to remain in the competitive edge. In reference to the case study, the Five Forces Model will greatly help to analyze the intense competition between Amazon.com and e Bay. More importantly, Five Forces Model is a viable tool to help both companies to plan in ways such as coming up with new products needed by the customers. Supplier Power is the first element that deals with suppliers and prices of the commodities (Harvard business school, 2012). With the intense competition as witnessed in the case study, each company is striving with best ways how they can demand the prices of commodities to lower. Indeed, E bay has collaborated with many suppliers by offering clients with variety of products ranging from different prices.            Buyer Power is the second element in the Five Forces Model. Ultimately, this element is concerned on how best the buyers can bring down prices of commodities. Quite different from Amazon, E bay has offered their customers with a direct linkage with their suppliers with an urge to bring down cost of goods. Competitive Rivalry is another model vital to understand all potential competitors around the business. As noted in the case study, potential competitors in this industry include newspapers cites, music or video shops and personal homepages among others. Threat of Substitution is less as both companies have a strong CRM hence making it difficult for other companies to displace them in the market. Lastly, the companies face intense competion from Threat of New Entry companies such as yahoo among others. Strategic analysis Value chain analysis            Value chain analysis entails analysis of the manner in which companies ensure value creation to their customers with the use of their resources and strategies. In relation to eBay, the company ensures value creation to their customers through price cutting, enhancing its customer search capabilities and ensuring its new business model. The company’s inbound logistics are well-built. EBay is tight-lipped in regard to their approach to payment processing, communications, website operations and more importantly customer support. With respect to its operations, the company does not restrict the maintenance of a marketplace and this resulted to it entering new markets outside U.S.A in 2011 (Harvard business school, 2012). Evidently, eBay unlike Amazon is depicted a powerful in relation to its operations. With the introduction of its core business segments, that is communications, payments and marketplaces, eBay aimed to maintain the trust and opportunity by devel oping new business communities globally with the help of e- business. In this case, the company compared to Amazon generated much revenue and increased its popularity around the world. Project risk model            Project risk management aims to measure the company’s capabilities and risks and the most effective measures it adopts to prevent various risks as it conducts business. With respect to project risk model, eBay is depicted as one with clear project risk management process. On the other hand, Amazon also has a well established project risk model to address company’s capabilities and risks. Model justification            The business model assumed by eBay that is auctions marketplace is depicted by the article and paramount in ensuring the success of the company especially in the competitive business environment. The model provides effective and efficient means of payments, communication and means of entering new markets. Based on the article, the business model assumed by the company connects buyers and sellers in such a way that it ensures value creation. The model is also portrayed as effective as it improved the revenue of the company in the year in 1999 (Harvard business school, 2012). Alternatives flow from strategic models            To ensure its competitive, eBay according to the article used groundbreaking business platforms and models to attract more customers globally. However, the article depicts that the company should also focus on expanding and transforming its business and project risk models in areas such as marketing and services to its customers. In this case, the company should be in a position to compete with competitors such as Amazon. Technology and costs            Technological changes are occurring drastically hence citing the need why the companies should be at par with these innovations. The technology used by both companies is effective to enhance the search catalog and ability to retrieve information at ease hence cutting operational cost. Use of AWS has huge benefits, as it is not only reliable but also secure. Another advantage of this technology in relation to cost is that it is simple in scalability. Use of superior technology such as AWS, S3, catalogue and EC2 enhances the company to reduce fixed prices of commodities (Harvard business school, 2012). Recommendation            Competition between the two corporations is high and specifically eBay should adopt several strategies to minimize the available gap. For instance, eBay should embrace better advertisement strategies and search for better advertisement partners. This will help attract some of the Amazons customers to their side. Secondly, to ensure that they stand a chance to reduce the business gap, eBay should focus on its strengths. Getting into the digital media sales should be another area to strategize on. In terms of internet technology, eBay should ensure better internet search as well ensuring improved tagging approaches. Lastly, it is of importance for eBay to reduce the PayPal fees to entice and attract more clients. On the other hand, Amazon should materialize on making their products better besides competing with their close competitor on price. Reference Harvard business school.(2012). Bay, Inc. and Amazon.com (A) and (B). Source document

The Downfall Of Greece And The Rise Of Rome - 1659 Words

The Downfall of Greece and the Rise of Rome: How Odysseus and Aeneas Reflect History More often than not, it is the direction of a great leader that is responsible for shaping the ideals of the culture which is being led. In ancient history, these admirable leaders rose to power through their success as war heroes. A war hero is many great things: courageous, selfless, and loyal. It is often a hero who is responsible for the fate of their country. Odysseus of The Odyssey by Homer and Aeneas of The Aeneid by Virgil are no different. They each epitomize the ideals of their individual cultures and serve as role models for future leaders. However, it can be only minor details that truly impact the end result for a country. A war hero tends to go one of two ways: They allow their pride to get the best of them, or they are so driven and focused that their small successes add up to the targeted big success. Although they each embody the heroic ideals of their respective cultures and are therefore representative of their cultures, Odysseus’ and Aeneas’ actions actually serve to reflect the opposite fates of ancient Greece and Rome. In Ancient Greece, being a hero meant abundant spoils, huge influence in the politics of the entire country, and eternal fame: Being recognized as a hero was as close as a mortal could get to being an everlasting god. To earn his title, Odysseus of The Odyssey by Homer had to meet specific guidelines. For example, he was required to be physicallyShow MoreRelatedHomosexuality in Ancient Greece and Rome Essay example1353 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality in ancient Greece and Rome Americans endlessly recycle the old conflicts: first we fought about slavery, then segregation, then gender, and now sexual orientation-(Anon). Homosexuality is an on-going conflict in America, as well as other countries. The history of homosexuality goes back to the ancient civilizations. As we have different ideas and ways of dealing with it, so did the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome. Ancient Greece is considered as beingRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Great Leader1074 Words   |  5 PagesGaius Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar, hereinafter Julius Caesar or Caesar, lived from 100 BC to 44 BC in Ancient Rome. Julius Caesar was an accomplished military general and skilled politician, who is credited with ending the Roman Republic and ushering in the age of Roman emperors. Julius Caesar’s father’s side of the family was part of the original founders of Rome, so he had the birth pedigree, although he lacked personal wealth that was typical of many of the nobles. His mother’s family wasRead MoreThe Fall During The Dark Ages1667 Words   |  7 PagesMyceanean fall during the Dark Ages in 8th century B.C.E, Greece was looking for a change in structure for the sake of urbanization and organization. Whilst later in 509 B.C.E., Rome, armed with a purpose of progressing life for the Roman people, sought many of the same terms Greece placed in their renewed government. Plagued with mistreatment from the Etruscan Kings, a new wave of political rule embraces Rome. On the same token, 8th century Greece embraces a life away from the aristocratic rule and followedRead MoreRise and Fall of Athens and Ancient Rome Essay examples758 Words   |  4 PagesHistory has witnessed the rise and fall of many powerful cities, starting with Ur and Babylon and continuing into present day with cities such as New York City. Two of these cities, ancient Athens and ancient Rome, stand out from other cities of their time due to their culture, politics, and influence, both on the world around them and on future civilizations. These strengths qualify them as world cities, and despite their eventual losses of power, their legacies live on. Athens obtained hegemonyRead MoreThe Classical Civilization Of Rome797 Words   |  4 Pagesof how the desire for power, its preservation, and its downfall affected individuals and their states, can all be found in the classical civilization of Rome. I will talk about how Rome rose to power due to weak neighbors, how it kept that power through periods of conflict and peace, and how it fell to division and invaders. One of the reasons the classical civilization of Rome had came to power was because it had weak neighbors. Since Rome was founded by Latin people on a river in the center ofRead MoreMarc Antony And The Roman Empire1430 Words   |  6 PagesAntony had many misfortunes with his father dying in Crete in 71 BC, the man his mother then married was eventually executed by the order of Consul Cicero for his involvement in the Second Catilinarian Conspiracy. Eventually Antony had to flee Rome to Greece to try and escape his creditors after getting into debt with them. Antony fi rst joined the military in 57 BC under Aulus Gabinius, the Proconsul of Syria, he was named chief of the cavalry. One of the more important conquests that Marc AntonyRead MoreThe Roman Empire Was At Its Height. Despite Many Historians1202 Words   |  5 Pagesof power and trade created a situation that made the fall of such a large cumbersome empire inevitable. Rome History The founder of Rome goes back to the very first early days of the civilization. It is so old it is known as the eternal city. The Romans believed that their city was founded in the year 753BC. Modern historians though believe it was the year 625 BC. Early Rome was governed by kings but after on seven of them had ruled the Romans took power over their own city and ruledRead MoreMussolini Rise to Power800 Words   |  4 Pagesin 1922, Fascists burned down Socialist Party buildings and destroyed the presses of Avanti!. Mussolini then started the March on Rome, a show of strength aimed at making him dictator. But although this appeared to be a coup, in fact its success depended on support from Italys king, Victor Emmanuel III. In the event, Mussolini didnt march to Rome – he went to Rome by train and became prime minister by royal appointment. Mussolinis rule was brutally authoritarian: the parliament was packed withRead MoreHistorically Speaking, What are the Liberal Arts?1391 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the liberal arts? What, historically speaking, is the tradition of the liberal arts? The liberal arts tradition was born in the philosophy of ancient Greece. It originates in response to certain questions born from human nature, and queried by the unique philosophy born in Grecian culture: What is â€Å"being?† What is â€Å"wisdom?† What is â€Å"virtue?† What is â€Å"good?† This pioneering search for truth accessible to reason about the whole world led necessarily to the search for truth about the placeRead MoreAncient Greek History Essay example1388 Words   |  6 Pagesour humanity. The early history of Greece is not very detailed. Because of this it is often called the Dark Age of Ancient Greece. The first people to inhabit Greece built settlements along the shores of Greece. They relied on the Aegean Sea for trade and supplies. Travel by sea introduced the Greeks to other cultures, and they were exposed to western benefits of agriculture and various techniques of metalwork. Different communities began to develop in Greece: the Aegeans, Achaeans, the and Pelasgians